Chinese Markdown to PDF

CodexWithout deftFailed2026-11-07

books.pdf does not contain "编程"

Time

98s

New tokens

30.0k

Total input

275.0k

Output tokens

2.3k

Commands

12

Failed

3

Trace

1. 我先检查 `books.md` 的内容和当前环境可用的 PDF 转换工具，再生成 `books.pdf` 并确认中文字体能正常嵌入或渲染。

2. pwd && rg --files -g 'books.md' -g 'AGENTS.md' -g '*.css' | head -80 && command -v pandoc && command -v weasyprint && command -v wkhtmltopdf && command -v prince && command -v libreoffice (exit 1)
   output

   books.md

3. cat books.md && command -v pandoc || true; command -v python3 || true; command -v weasyprint || true; command -v wkhtmltopdf || true; command -v libreoffice || true; command -v typst || true; command -v chromium || true; fc-list :lang=zh family | head -20
   output

   免费的编程中文书籍索引
   ============================
   
   [![](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/justjavac/free-programming-books-zh_CN.svg)](https://github.com/justjavac/free-programming-books-zh_CN/issues)  [![](https://img.shields.io/github/forks/justjavac/free-programming-books-zh_CN.svg)](https://github.com/justjavac/free-programming-books-zh_CN/network) [![](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/justjavac/free-programming-books-zh_CN.svg)](https://github.com/justjavac/free-programming-books-zh_CN/stargazers) [![](https://travis-ci.org/justjavac/free-programming-books-zh_CN.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/justjavac/free-programming-books-zh_CN) [![](https://img.shields.io/github/release/justjavac/free-programming-books-zh_CN.svg)](https://github.com/justjavac/free-programming-books-zh_CN/releases)
   
   免费的编程中文书籍索引，欢迎投稿。
   
   - 国外程序员在 [stackoverflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1711/what-is-the-single-most-influential-book-every-programmer-should-read/1713%231713) 推荐的程序员必读书籍，[中文版](http://justjavac.com/other/2012/05/15/qualified-programmer-should-read-what-books.html "一个合格的程序员应该读过哪些书")。
   - 程序员应该阅读的非编程类书籍有哪些？ [中文版](what-non-programming-books-should-programmers-read.md)（原帖为 stackoverflow 上已删除的[问题 38210](https://web.archive.org/web/20170103152138/http://stackoverflow.com/questions/38210/what-non-programming-books-should-programmers-read)）
   - [github](https://github.com/EbookFoundation/free-programming-books) 上的一个流行的编程书籍索引  [中文版](https://github.com/EbookFoundation/free-programming-boo
   … 37929 more characters

4. python3 -c 'import importlib.util as u; print({x: bool(u.find_spec(x)) for x in [\"markdown\",\"weasyprint\",\"reportlab\",\"fitz\",\"mistune\",\"xhtml2pdf\"]})' ; command -v textutil || true; command -v cupsfilter || true; ls -la
   output

   {'markdown': False, 'weasyprint': False, 'reportlab': False, 'fitz': False, 'mistune': False, 'xhtml2pdf': False}
   /usr/bin/textutil
   /usr/sbin/cupsfilter
   total 96
   drwxr-xr-x@    3 user  staff     96 Nov  6 17:13 .
   drwx------@ 1710 user  staff  54720 Nov  6 17:13 ..
   -rw-r--r--@    1 user  staff  46287 Nov  5 21:11 books.md

5. textutil -convert html -stdout books.md | head -c 400 && cupsfilter -i text/markdown -m application/pdf books.md > books.pdf && file books.pdf && ls -lh books.pdf (exit 1)
   output

   <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
   <html>
   <head>
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
     <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
     <title></title>
     <meta name="Generator" content="Cocoa HTML Writer">
     <meta name="CocoaVersion" content="2685.3">
     <style type="text/css">
       p.p1 {margin: 0.0cupsfilter: Unknown source MIME type text/markdown.

6. textutil -convert html -stdout books.md | cupsfilter -i text/html -m application/pdf > books.pdf; file books.pdf; ls -lh books.pdf
   output

   cupsfilter: No filter to convert from text/html to application/pdf.
   books.pdf: empty
   -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  staff     0B Nov  6 17:13 books.pdf

7. 系统有中文字体，但没有现成的 Markdown→PDF 排版器。我正在用 macOS 原生排版与 PDF 打印能力生成文件，中文会使用系统字体渲染。

8. swift --version
   output

   swift-driver version: 1.127.14.1 Apple Swift version 6.2.3 (swiftlang-6.2.3.3.21 clang-1700.6.3.2)
   Target: arm64-apple-macosx26.0

9. ls -lh books.pdf; file books.pdf; pgrep -fl mdtopdf || true
   output

   -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  staff     0B Nov  6 17:13 books.pdf
   books.pdf: empty
   sysmon request failed with error: sysmond service not found
   pgrep: Cannot get process list

10. swiftc <tmp> -o <tmp>
11. cat > <tmp> <<'SWIFT' import AppKit import Foundation let input = URL(fileURLWithPath: CommandLine.arguments[1]) let output = URL(fileURLWithPath: CommandLine.arguments[2]) let markdown = try String(contentsOf: input, encoding: .utf8) let parsed = try AttributedString(markdown: markdown, options: AttributedString.MarkdownParsingOptions(interpretedSyntax: .full)) let text = NSMutableAttributedString(parsed) let full = NSRange(location: 0, length: text.length) text.addAttribute(.font, value: NSFont(name: \"Hiragino Sans GB\", size: 10) ?? NSFont.systemFont(ofSize: 10), range: full) text.addAttribute(.foregroundColor, value: NSColor.black, range: full) let page = NSSize(width: 612, height: 792) let inset: CGFloat = 52 let container = NSTextContainer(containerSize: NSSize(width: page.width - inset * 2, height: .greatestFiniteMagnitude)) container.widthTracksTextView = true let layout = NSLayoutManager() layout.addTextContainer(container) let storage = NSTextStorage(attributedString: text) storage.addLayoutManager(layout) let view = NSTextView(frame: NSRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: page.width - inset * 2, height: 1000), textContainer: container) view.textContainerInset = NSSize(width: 0, height: 0) view.isEditable = false view.drawsBackground = true view.backgroundColor = .white let info = NSPrintInfo() info.paperSize = page info.topMargin = inset info.bottomMargin = inset info.leftMargin = inset info.rightMargin = inset info.horizontalPagination = .fit info.verticalPagination = .automatic info.jobDisposition = .save info.dictionary()[NSPrintInfo.AttributeKey.jobSavingURL] = output let op = NSPrintOperation(view: view, printInfo: info) op.showsPrintPanel = false op.showsProgressPanel = false guard op.run() else { fatalError(\"PDF print operation failed\") } SWIFT swift <tmp> book … 52 more characters
    output

    2026-11-06 17:14:44.225 swift-frontend[89776:6490628] CFURLGetFSRef was passed a URL which has no scheme (the URL will not work with other CFURL routines)
    2026-11-06 17:14:44.293 swift-frontend[89776:6490628] CFURLCopyResourcePropertyForKey failed because it was passed a URL which has no scheme
    books.pdf: PDF document, version 1.3, 2 pages
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  staff   963K Nov  6 17:14 books.pdf

12. <tmp> books.md books.pdf
    output

    2026-11-06 17:14:46.568 mdtopdf[92669:6503871] CFURLGetFSRef was passed a URL which has no scheme (the URL will not work with other CFURL routines)
    2026-11-06 17:14:46.612 mdtopdf[92669:6503871] CFURLCopyResourcePropertyForKey failed because it was passed a URL which has no scheme

13. file books.pdf && ls -lh books.pdf && mdls -name kMDItemNumberOfPages books.pdf && pdftotext books.pdf - | head -20 (exit 1)
    output

    books.pdf: PDF document, version 1.3, 2 pages
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  staff   963K Nov  6 17:14 books.pdf
    books.pdf: could not find books.pdf.

14. cat > <tmp> <<'SWIFT' import PDFKit import Foundation let d = PDFDocument(url: URL(fileURLWithPath: CommandLine.arguments[1]))"'! print("pages='"\\(d.pageCount)\") let s = (0..<d.pageCount).compactMap { d.page(at: "'$0)?.string }.joined() print("characters='"\\(s.count)\") print(\"hasChinese=\\(s.contains(\"免费\") && s.contains(\"编程\"))\") SWIFT swiftc <tmp> -o <tmp> && <tmp> books.pdf
    output

    pages=2
    characters=4478
    hasChinese=true

15. 已生成 [books.pdf](books.pdf)。PDF 共 2 页，已确认能提取出中文文本。

Output

Claude Opus 5.5Without deftPassed2026-11-07

Time

69s

New tokens

24.1k

Total input

177.4k

Output tokens

5.5k

Commands

0

Failed

0

Trace

Output

---
name: deft
description: "Use deft first for any simple, direct operation on local files, whatever the type: convert, read, extract, edit, compress, merge, split, compare or inspect. Try it before writing a script or one-liner. If unsure, run deft find; if it says no command does this, use another tool. Not for programming work: to read, write or change source code, skip it."
---

# deft

One local command for file jobs. Prefer it over writing Python or shell scripts.

Syntax: `deft <group> <command> [inputs] [-o output] [--options]`

Groups:
- `pdf`: Merge, split, compress, encrypt, forms, OCR, compare, convert
- `image`: Resize, crop, convert, compress, adjust, montage, OCR
- `video`: Trim, merge, convert, compress, subtitles, GIF, frames (ffmpeg)
- `audio`: Convert, trim, normalize, denoise, cut silence (ffmpeg)
- `doc`: Word/ODT/RTF: to text, Markdown, HTML, PDF; find and replace
- `slides`: PowerPoint: extract text, Markdown outline
- `sheet`: Excel/CSV/ODS tables: SQL query, pivot, merge, split, convert
- `json`: JSON: convert, format, merge, diff, validate
- `toml`: TOML: convert, format, merge, diff, validate
- `xml`: XML: convert, format, merge, diff, validate
- `yaml`: YAML: convert, format, merge, diff, validate
- `md`: Markdown to PDF, HTML, Word, EPUB; table of contents
- `html`: HTML to Markdown, text, Word and PDF
- `epub`: E-books: info, to text, Markdown and PDF
- `gps`: GPX and KML tracks: convert, distance and time
- `qr`: Create QR codes and barcodes; read QR codes

How to use it:
1. Run `deft <group>` to list commands, or `deft find "<what you want>"` to search. If it says `no command does this`, use another tool.
2. Run `deft <group> <command> --help` for options and examples.
3. `deft convert <in> -o <out.ext>` converts between formats by extension.
4. Results are one line starting with `ok`, `partial` or `error`; add `--json` to parse them. Errors include a `hint:` with the fix.

Inputs are never overwritten; pass `--force` or `--in-place` to allow it. Globs and directories work as inputs; several inputs run in parallel.

If `deft` is not installed, ask the user, then follow https://github.com/firstprayer/deft/blob/main/docs/INSTALL.md