Evals / pdf / Multi-step jobs

Assemble an application from mixed files

Put together one application.pdf for a portal: letter.docx first, then the photo DSCN0010.jpg, then fw9.pdf. Number the pages at the bottom. The portal rejects anything over 1MB.

The task

The reference answer shows the job can be done with deft. It is not an agent run.

deft doc to-pdf letter.docx -o letter.pdf
deft image to-pdf DSCN0010.jpg -o photo.pdf
deft pdf merge letter.pdf photo.pdf fw9.pdf -o joined.pdf
deft pdf number joined.pdf -o numbered.pdf
deft pdf compress numbered.pdf --target-size 1MB -o application.pdf

Input

DSCN0010.jpg 157.9 KB · 640x480
DSCN0010.jpg
fw9.pdf 137.5 KB · 6 pages
Page 1Page 2Page 3
letter.docx 11.3 KB
Rendered by macOS Quick Look, first page

Rendered by macOS Quick Look, first page

Text inside
I am a test document
This is page 1
I am Calibri (Body) in font size 11

This is page two
It’s Arial Black in 16 point
It’s also in blue

Reference output

application.pdf 222.6 KB · 9 pages
Page 1Page 2Page 3
joined.pdf 220.9 KB · 9 pages
Page 1Page 2Page 3
letter.pdf 9.6 KB · 2 pages
Page 1Page 2
numbered.pdf 224.1 KB · 9 pages
Page 1Page 2Page 3
photo.pdf 158.6 KB · 1 page
Page 1
How a result is judged (2 checks)
  • max_bytes: file = "application.pdf", bytes = 1048576
  • python: code = "import subprocess\ndef text(first, last):\n return subprocess.run(['gs', '-q', '-dNOPAUSE', '-dBATCH', '-sDEVICE=txtwrite', f'-dFirstPage={first}', f'-dLastPage={last}', '-sOutputFile=-', 'application.pdf'], capture_output=True, text=True, errors='replace').stdout\nn = int(subprocess.check_output(['gs', '-q', '-dNODISPLAY', '--permit-file-read=application.pdf', '-c', '(application.pdf) (r) file runpdfbegin pdfpagecount = quit'], text=True).split()[-1])\nw9 = subprocess.check_output(['gs', '-q', '-dNODISPLAY', '--permit-file-read=fw9.pdf', '-c', '(fw9.pdf) (r) file runpdfbegin pdfpagecount = quit'], text=True).split()[-1]\nassert n >= int(w9) + 2, n\nassert 'W-9' in text(n - int(w9) + 1, n - int(w9) + 1), 'the form is not last'\nassert 'W-9' not in text(1, 1), 'the letter is not first'\nassert str(n) in text(n, n).split(), 'last page has no number'\n"

Runs

CodexWithout deftFailed2026-11-07

Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 8, in <module> AssertionError: the form is not last

Time
104s
New tokens
31.3k
Total input
550.5k
Output tokens
4.1k
Commands
20
Failed
7

Trace

  1. I’ll inspect the three source files, combine them in the requested order, and make the finished PDF small enough for the portal while adding page numbers.

  2. rg --files -g 'letter.docx' -g 'DSCN0010.jpg' -g 'fw9.pdf' -g 'AGENTS.md' -g '*.pdf' -g '*.docx' -g '*.jpg'
    output
    DSCN0010.jpg
    fw9.pdf
    letter.docx
  3. ls -lh letter.docx DSCN0010.jpg fw9.pdf && command -v libreoffice || command -v soffice || true && command -v gs || true && python3 - <<'PY' import importlib.util for x in ['docx','reportlab','pypdf','PIL','fitz']: print(x, bool(importlib.util.find_spec(x))) PY
    output
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  staff   158K Nov  5 21:11 DSCN0010.jpg
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  staff   138K Nov  5 21:11 fw9.pdf
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  staff    11K Nov  5 21:11 letter.docx
    /usr/local/bin/gs
    docx False
    reportlab False
    pypdf False
    PIL True
    fitz False
  4. command -v textutil; command -v sips; command -v pdfinfo; command -v pdftk; command -v qpdf; unzip -l letter.docx | head -25; pdfinfo fw9.pdf (exit 127)
    output
    /usr/bin/textutil
    /usr/bin/sips
    Archive:  letter.docx
      Length      Date    Time    Name
    ---------  ---------- -----   ----
         1444  01-01-1980 00:00   [Content_Types].xml
          590  01-01-1980 00:00   _rels/.rels
          959  01-01-1980 00:00   word/_rels/document.xml.rels
         2879  01-01-1980 00:00   word/document.xml
         6992  01-01-1980 00:00   word/theme/theme1.xml
         1584  01-01-1980 00:00   word/settings.xml
          296  01-01-1980 00:00   customXml/_rels/item1.xml.rels
          341  01-01-1980 00:00   customXml/itemProps1.xml
        14814  01-01-1980 00:00   word/styles.xml
          861  01-01-1980 00:00   docProps/core.xml
          205  01-01-1980 00:00   customXml/item1.xml
         1301  01-01-1980 00:00   word/fontTable.xml
          260  01-01-1980 00:00   word/webSettings.xml
          709  01-01-1980 00:00   docProps/app.xml
    ---------                     -------
        33235                     14 files
    zsh:1: command not found: pdfinfo
  5. textutil -convert pdf letter.docx -output <tmp> && sips -g pixelWidth -g pixelHeight DSCN0010.jpg && gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=nullpage letter.pdf fw9.pdf 2>&1 || true && ls -lh <tmp> (exit 1)
    output
    Invalid output format.
    ls: <tmp> No such file or directory
  6. textutil -convert txt letter.docx -stdout; sips -g pixelWidth -g pixelHeight DSCN0010.jpg; gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=nullpage fw9.pdf 2>&1 || true; command -v cupsfilter
    output
    I am a test document
    This is page 1
    I am Calibri (Body) in font size 11
    
    This is page two
    It’s Arial Black in 16 point
    It’s also in blue
    DSCN0010.jpg
      pixelWidth: 640
      pixelHeight: 480
    /usr/sbin/cupsfilter
  7. The Word file has two pages. The photo is a 640×480 image, and I’m preserving the existing W‑9 PDF pages while fitting the image to a letter sized page.

  8. textutil -convert rtf letter.docx -output <tmp> && cupsfilter -m application/pdf <tmp> > <tmp> 2><tmp> cat <tmp> ls -lh <tmp> gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=nullpage <tmp> 2>&1 || true
    output
    cupsfilter: No filter to convert from text/rtf to application/pdf.
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  wheel     0B Nov  6 16:40 <tmp>
  9. command -v pandoc; command -v wkhtmltopdf; command -v chromium; command -v ghostscript; python3 -m pip list --format=columns
    output
    Package            Version
    ------------------ -----------
    contourpy          1.3.3
    cycler             0.12.1
    fonttools          4.62.1
    kiwisolver         1.5.0
    matplotlib         3.10.8
    numpy              2.4.4
    packaging          26.0
    pandas             3.0.2
    pillow             12.2.0
    pip                24.3.1
    pyparsing          3.3.2
    python-dateutil    2.9.0.post0
    quantconnect-stubs 17649
    six                1.17.0
  10. textutil -convert html letter.docx -output <tmp> && head -c 500 <tmp> cupsfilter -m application/pdf <tmp> > <tmp> 2><tmp> cat <tmp> ls -lh <tmp>
    output
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
      <title>Test Document</title>
      <meta name="Author" content="Nick Burch">
      <meta name="LastAuthor" content="Nick Burch">
      <meta name="Subject" content="This is a sample document">
      <meta name="Description" content="This document is used for testing text and metcupsfilter: No filter to convert from text/html to application/pdf.
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  wheel     0B Nov  6 16:40 <tmp>
  11. python3 - <<'PY' import zipfile, xml.etree.ElementTree as ET z=zipfile.ZipFile('letter.docx'); root=ET.fromstring(z.read('word/document.xml')) ns={'w':'http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main'} for p in root.findall('.//w:p',ns): print(''.join(t.text or '' for t in p.findall('.//w:t',ns))) PY
    output
    I am a test document
    This is page 1
    I am Calibri (Body) in font size 11
    
    This is page two
    It’s Arial Black in 16 point
    It’s also in blue
  12. ls -lh <tmp> <tmp> <tmp> gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=nullpage <tmp> (exit 1)
    output
    ls: <tmp> No such file or directory
    ls: <tmp> No such file or directory
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  wheel     0B Nov  6 16:40 <tmp>
    Error: /undefinedfilename in (<tmp>
    Operand stack:
    
    Execution stack:
       %interp_exit   .runexec2   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   2   %stopped_push   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   false   1   %stopped_push
    Dictionary stack:
       --dict:758/1123(rGPL Ghostscript 9.55.0o)(G)--   --dict:0/20(G)--   --dict:75/200(L)--
    Current allocation mode is local
    Last OS error: No such file or directory
    : Unrecoverable error, exit code 1
  13. ls -l <tmp>
    output
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  wheel  1095 Nov  6 16:41 <tmp>
  14. python3 <tmp> (exit 134)
  15. cat > <tmp> <<'PY' from matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf import PdfPages import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from PIL import Image from pathlib import Path with PdfPages('<tmp>') as pdf: pages=[['I am a test document','This is page 1','I am Calibri (Body) in font size 11'],['This is page two','It’s Arial Black in 16 point','It’s also in blue']] for pi, lines in enumerate(pages): fig=plt.figure(figsize=(8.5,11)); ax=fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1]); ax.axis('off') y=.88 for i,line in enumerate(lines): if pi==0: size=11; color='black'; weight='normal' else: size=16 if i>0 else 11; color='blue' if i==2 else 'black'; weight='bold' if i>0 else 'normal' ax.text(.13,y,line,fontsize=size,color=color,fontweight=weight,va='top',transform=ax.transAxes) y-=.045 if size==11 else .06 pdf.savefig(fig); plt.close(fig) with PdfPages('<tmp>') as pdf: im=Image.open('DSCN0010.jpg') fig=plt.figure(figsize=(8.5,11)); ax=fig.add_axes([.08,.08,.84,.84]); ax.axis('off'); ax.imshow(im); pdf.savefig(fig); plt.close(fig) PY python3 <tmp> gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress -sOutputFile=<tmp> <tmp> <tmp> fw9.pdf ls -lh <tmp>
    output
    Matplotlib is building the font cache; this may take a moment.
    Error: /undefinedfilename in (<tmp>
    Operand stack:
    
    Execution stack:
       %interp_exit   .runexec2   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   2   %stopped_push   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   false   1   %stopped_push
    Dictionary stack:
       --dict:760/1123(ro)(G)--   --dict:0/20(G)--   --dict:75/200(L)--
    Current allocation mode is local
    Last OS error: No such file or directory
    GPL Ghostscript 9.55.0: Unrecoverable error, exit code 1
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  wheel   2.1K Nov  6 16:41 <tmp>
  16. gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress -sOutputFile=<tmp> <tmp> <tmp> fw9.pdf && ls -lh <tmp> && gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=nullpage <tmp> (exit 1)
    output
    Error: /undefinedfilename in (<tmp>
    Operand stack:
    
    Execution stack:
       %interp_exit   .runexec2   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   2   %stoppGPL Ghostscript 9.55.0: Unrecoverable error, exit code 1
    ed_push   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   false   1   %stopped_push
    Dictionary stack:
       --dict:760/1123(ro)(G)--   --dict:0/20(G)--   --dict:75/200(L)--
    Current allocation mode is local
    Last OS error: No such file or directory
  17. pwd; ls -lh <tmp> <tmp> python3 <tmp> ls -lh <tmp> <tmp> (exit 1)
    output
    ls: <tmp> No such file or directory
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  wheel     0B Nov  6 16:40 <tmp>
    ls: <tmp> No such file or directory
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  wheel     0B Nov  6 16:40 <tmp>
  18. cat <tmp> python3 <tmp> echo status:$?
    output
    from matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf import PdfPages
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    from PIL import Image
    from pathlib import Path
    with PdfPages('<tmp>') as pdf:
        pages=[['I am a test document','This is page 1','I am Calibri (Body) in font size 11'],['This is page two','It’s Arial Black in 16 point','It’s also in blue']]
        for pi, lines in enumerate(pages):
            fig=plt.figure(figsize=(8.5,11)); ax=fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1]); ax.axis('off')
            y=.88
            for i,line in enumerate(lines):
                if pi==0: size=11; color='black'; weight='normal'
                else: size=16 if i>0 else 11; color='blue' if i==2 else 'black'; weight='bold' if i>0 else 'normal'
                ax.text(.13,y,line,fontsize=size,color=color,fontweight=weight,va='top',transform=ax.transAxes)
                y-=.045 if size==11 else .06
            pdf.savefig(fig); plt.close(fig)
    with PdfPages('<tmp>') as pdf:
        im=Image.open('DSCN0010.jpg')
        fig=plt.figure(figsize=(8.5,11)); ax=fig.add_axes([.08,.08,.84,.84]); ax.axis('off'); ax.imshow(im); pdf.savefig(fig); plt.close(fig)
    status:134
  19. sips -s format pdf DSCN0010.jpg --out <tmp> ls -lh <tmp>
    output
    DSCN0010.jpg
      <tmp>
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  wheel   162K Nov  6 16:41 <tmp>
  20. cat > <tmp> <<'PS' %"'!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Pages: 2 %%Page: 1 1 /Helvetica findfont 11 scalefont setfont 72 720 moveto (I am a test document) show 72 690 moveto (This is page 1) show 72 660 moveto (I am Calibri '"\\(Body\\) in font size 11) show showpage %%Page: 2 2 /Helvetica findfont 11 scalefont setfont 72 720 moveto (This is page two) show /Helvetica-Bold findfont 16 scalefont setfont 72 680 moveto (It\\222s Arial Black in 16 point) show /Helvetica findfont 16 scalefont setfont 0 0 1 setrgbcolor 72 650 moveto (It\\222s also in blue) show showpage %%EOF PS gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=<tmp> <tmp> gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress -sOutputFile=<tmp> <tmp> <tmp> fw9.pdf ls -lh <tmp> gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=nullpage <tmp>
    output
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  wheel   221K Nov  6 16:41 <tmp>
  21. gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress -sOutputFile=application.pdf -c 'userdict /pagenum 0 put << /EndPage { pop pop userdict /pagenum pagenum 1 add put 0 setgray /Helvetica findfont 9 scalefont setfont 288 22 moveto (Page ) show userdict /pagenum get 20 string cvs show showpage true } >> setpagedevice' -f <tmp> && ls -lh application.pdf && gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=nullpage application.pdf && stat -f '%z bytes' application.pdf (exit 1)
    output
    Error: /execstackoverflow in --showpage--
    Operand stack:
       --dict:6/15(L)--   false   --dict:5/6(L)--   2   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0  
    … 36678 more characters
  22. gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress -sOutputFile=application.pdf -c 'userdict /pagenum 0 put << /EndPage { pop pop userdict /pagenum pagenum 1 add put 0 setgray /Helvetica findfont 9 scalefont setfont 288 22 moveto (Page ) show userdict /pagenum get 20 string cvs show true } >> setpagedevice' -f <tmp> ls -lh application.pdf; gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=nullpage application.pdf; stat -f '%z bytes' application.pdf
    output
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  staff   229K Nov  6 16:41 application.pdf
    234321 bytes
  23. Created [application.pdf](application.pdf). It’s 229 KB, under the 1 MB limit, and its pages are numbered. The letter’s text and two-page break are preserved, though its original formatting was simplified during conversion.

Output

application.pdf 228.8 KB · 20 pages
Page 1Page 2Page 3

CodexWith deft, skill installedPassedRead the skillUsed deft2026-11-07

Time
36s
New tokens
10.2k
Total input
127.6k
Output tokens
1.5k
Commands
9
Failed
0

Trace

  1. I’ll inspect the three files and available PDF tools, then assemble and compress a single numbered PDF in the current directory.

  2. pwd && rg --files -g 'letter.docx' -g 'DSCN0010.jpg' -g 'fw9.pdf' -g 'AGENTS.md' -g 'SKILL.md'
    output
    DSCN0010.jpg
    fw9.pdf
    letter.docx
  3. I’m applying the `deft` skill because this combines Word, image, and PDF files into a compressed, page-numbered PDF.

  4. cat .agents/skills/deft/SKILL.md
    output
    ---
    name: deft
    description: "Use deft instead of writing a script for file jobs: PDF merge/split/compress/watermark, image resize/convert/compress, video and audio trim/convert/compress, spreadsheets, Markdown to PDF/HTML, and YouTube downloads and subtitles."
    ---
    
    # deft
    
    One local command for file jobs. Prefer it over writing Python or shell scripts.
    
    Syntax: `deft <group> <command> [inputs] [-o output] [--options]`
    
    Groups:
    - `pdf`: Merge, split, compress, encrypt, forms, OCR, compare, convert
    - `image`: Resize, crop, convert, compress, filters, montage, OCR
    - `video`: Trim, crop, speed, convert, compress, GIF, frames (ffmpeg)
    - `audio`: Convert, trim, merge, fade, speed, tag, normalize (ffmpeg)
    - `doc`: Word/ODT/RTF: to text, Markdown, HTML, PDF; find and replace
    - `slides`: PowerPoint: extract text, Markdown outline, PDF handout
    - `data`: JSON/YAML/TOML/XML: convert, query with jq syntax, merge, diff
    - `sheet`: Excel/CSV/ODS tables: filter, sort, join, pivot, convert
    - `md`: Markdown to PDF, HTML, Word, EPUB; table of contents
    - `html`: HTML to Markdown, text, Word, PDF; screenshots
    - `epub`: E-books: info, to text, Markdown and PDF
    - `email`: EML files: headers, text, attachments
    - `contact`: VCF address books: to and from CSV
    - `calendar`: ICS calendars: to and from CSV
    - `gps`: GPX and KML tracks: convert, distance and time
    - `youtube`: Info, download, audio, subtitles, thumbnail (yt-dlp)
    - `file`: Any file: hash, duplicates, batch rename, base64, encoding
    - `qr`: Cre
    … 728 more characters
  5. deft pdf && deft doc && deft image
    output
    deft pdf - commands (input -> output)
      info            pdf -> report       Pages, size, metadata, fonts, images
      compare         pdf... -> report    Compare two PDFs: text and pixels
      compress        pdf -> pdf          Make smaller: --level, --target-size 2MB
      crop            pdf -> pdf          Trim pages: --margin, --box, --auto
      decrypt         pdf -> pdf          Remove a password you know
      delete          pdf -> pdf          Remove pages: --pages 2,5-7
      encrypt         pdf -> pdf          Protect with a password (AES-256)
      extract-images  pdf -> image...     Save embedded pictures, unchanged
      extract-sheets  pdf -> csv|xlsx...  Save each table apart [beta]
      fields          pdf -> report       List form fields
      fill            pdf -> pdf          Fill a form from JSON: --data values.json
      flatten         pdf -> pdf          Bake forms into pages
      from-images     image... -> pdf     One page per image
      from-md         md -> pdf           Typeset Markdown as PDF
      grayscale       pdf -> pdf          Remove colour (Ghostscript)
      merge           pdf... -> pdf       Join PDFs in the given order
      meta            pdf -> pdf          Read or set metadata and bookmarks
      number          pdf -> pdf          Add page numbers: --format
      ocr             pdf -> pdf|txt      Make a scan searchable
      redact          pdf -> pdf          Black out for good: --box or --text
      repair          pdf -> pdf          Rebuild a damaged PDF (Ghostscript)
      resize          pdf -> p
    … 3692 more characters
  6. deft doc to-pdf --help
    output
    deft doc to-pdf - Typeset as PDF, content not layout [beta]
    Same as: deft convert
    
    Usage: deft doc to-pdf <doc>... [-o <pdf|dir>] [options]
    In: doc (each handled separately)   Out: pdf (default <name>.<ext>)
    Headings, lists, tables and images survive; fonts, columns and colours do not.
    
    Options:
      --page-size <a4|letter|legal|a3|a5>
          Paper (default a4)
      --margin <length>            Page margin (default 25mm)
      --font-size <number>         Body text size in points (default 11)
      --font <text>                Font family installed on this machine
    Common: -o --force --dry-run --json -j   (deft help common)
    
    Examples:
      deft doc to-pdf letter.docx -o letter.pdf
    
    Result fields: pages
  7. deft image to-pdf --help && deft pdf number --help && deft pdf compress --help && deft pdf merge --help
    output
    deft image to-pdf - One page per image
    Same as: deft pdf from-images · deft convert
    
    Usage: deft image to-pdf <image>... [-o <pdf|dir>] [options]
    In: image (all together, in order)   Out: pdf (default <name>.<ext>)
    
    Options:
      --page-size <a4|letter|legal|a3|a5|fit>
          Paper, or fit to each image (default a4)
      --orientation <auto|portrait|landscape>
          Page orientation (default auto)
      --margin <length>            Margin around each image (default 0mm)
    Common: -o --force --dry-run --json -j   (deft help common)
    
    Examples:
      deft image to-pdf photo-1.jpg photo-2.jpg -o album.pdf
      deft pdf from-images scans/*.jpg --margin 10mm -o scans.pdf
    
    Result fields: pages
    deft pdf number - Add page numbers: --format
    
    Usage: deft pdf number <pdf>... [-o <pdf|dir>] [options]
    In: pdf (each handled separately)   Out: pdf (default <name>.numbered.<ext>)
    
    Options:
      --format <text>              Template with {n} and {total} (default {n})
      --position <position>        Where on the page (default bottom)
      --margin <length>            Distance from the page edge (default 10mm)
      --font-size <number>         Text size in points (default 10)
      --color <color>              Text color (default black)
      --first-page <n>             First page that gets a number (default 1)
      --start <n>                  Number shown on that page (default 1)
      --password <text>            Password of an encrypted input
    Common: -o --force --dry-run --json -j   (deft help common)
    
    Examples:
      deft pdf number thre
    … 1473 more characters
  8. deft doc info letter.docx && deft image info DSCN0010.jpg && deft pdf info fw9.pdf && ls -lh letter.docx DSCN0010.jpg fw9.pdf
    output
    ok doc.info letter.docx  31 words
    title="Test Document" author="Nick Burch" words=31 paragraphs=6 headings=0 tables=0 images=0
    ok image.info DSCN0010.jpg  640x480
    width=640 height=480 orientation=1 has_metadata=true has_gps=true
    ok pdf.info fw9.pdf  6 pages, letter, PDF 1.7
    pages=6 version=1.7 width=612.0 height=792.0 paper=letter title="Form W-9 (Rev. March 2024)" author=SE:W:CAR:MP producer="Designer 6.5" images=0 fonts=9 forms=true
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  staff   158K Nov  5 21:11 DSCN0010.jpg
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  staff   138K Nov  5 21:11 fw9.pdf
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  staff    11K Nov  5 21:11 letter.docx
  9. deft image to-pdf DSCN0010.jpg -o photo.pdf --page-size letter --orientation auto --margin 0mm
    output
    ok image.to-pdf DSCN0010.jpg -> photo.pdf  1 page  0.00s
  10. deft doc to-pdf letter.docx -o letter-converted.pdf --page-size letter
    output
    ok doc.to-pdf letter.docx -> letter-converted.pdf  2 pages  0.52s
  11. The Word file converts to two pages, the photo to one page, and the W-9 has six pages. I’m merging them in that order, adding bottom page numbers, and targeting 950,000 bytes to stay below the portal’s 1 MB limit.

  12. deft pdf merge letter-converted.pdf photo.pdf fw9.pdf -o application-merged.pdf && deft pdf number application-merged.pdf -o application-numbered.pdf --position bottom --margin 10mm --format '{n}' && deft pdf compress application-numbered.pdf -o application.pdf --target-size 950000 && ls -lh application.pdf && deft pdf info application.pdf && deft pdf to-text application.pdf -o application-check.txt
    output
    ok pdf.merge 3 files -> application-merged.pdf  9 pages  0.00s
    ok pdf.number application-merged.pdf -> application-numbered.pdf  9 pages numbered  0.00s
    ok pdf.compress application-numbered.pdf -> application.pdf  224KB -> 222KB (-1%)  0.00s
    -rw-r--r--@ 1 user  staff   222K Nov  6 16:40 application.pdf
    ok pdf.info application.pdf  9 pages, letter, PDF 1.7
    pages=9 version=1.7 width=612.0 height=792.0 paper=letter images=1 fonts=10 forms=false
    ok pdf.to-text application.pdf -> application-check.txt  37726 characters  0.00s
  13. Created [application.pdf](application.pdf). It has 9 pages in the requested order, with page numbers at the bottom, and is 222 KB—under the 1 MB limit.

Output

I am a test document 
This is page 1 
I am Calibri (Body) in font size 11 
1

This is page two 
It’s Arial Black in 16 point 
It’s also in blue 
2

3

Form  W-9
(Rev. March 2024)Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification
Department of the Treasury  Internal Revenue Service 
Go to www.irs.gov/FormW9 for instructions and the latest information.
Give form to the  requester. Do not send to the IRS.
Before you begin. For guidance related to the purpose of Form W-9, see Purpose of Form, below.
Print or type. See Specific Instructions on page 3.
1    Name of entity/individual. An entry is required. (For a sole proprietor or disregarded entity, enter the owner’s name on line 1, and enter the business/disregarded entity’s name on line 2.)
2    Business name/disregarded entity name, if different from above.3a  Check the appropriate box for federal tax classification of the entity/individual whose name is entered on line 1. Check only one of the following seven boxes. 
Individual/sole proprietor
C corporation
S corporation
Partnership
Trust/estate
LLC. Enter the tax classification (C = C corporation, S = S corporation, P = Partnership) ....Note: Check the “LLC” box above and, in the entry space, enter the appropriate code (C, S, or P) for the tax classification of the LLC, unless it is a disregarded entity. A disregarded entity should instead check the appropriate box for the tax classification of its owner.
Other (see instructions) 
3b If on line 3a you checked “Partnership” or “Trust/estate,” or checked “LLC” and entered “P” as its tax classification, and you are providing this form to a partnership, trust, or estate in which you have an ownership interest, check this box if you have any foreign partners, owners, or beneficiaries. See instructions .........
4  Exemptions (codes apply only to certain entities, not individuals; see instructions on page 3):
Exempt payee code (if any)
Exemption from Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) reporting 
 code (if any)
(Applies to accounts maintained outside the United States.)
5    Address (number, street, and apt. or suite no.). See instructions.
6    City, state, and ZIP code
Requester’s name and address (optional)
7    List account number(s) here (optional)
Part I
Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN)Enter your TIN in the appropriate box. The TIN provided must match the name given on line 1 to avoid backup withholding. For individuals, this is generally your social security number (SSN). However, for a resident alien, sole proprietor, or disregarded entity, see the instructions for Part I, later. For other entities, it is your employer identification number (EIN). If you do not have a number, see How to get a TIN, later.Note: If the account is in more than one name, see the instructions for line 1. See also What Name and Number To Give the Requester for guidelines on whose number to enter.
Social security number
–
–
or
Employer identification number 
–
Part II
CertificationUnder penaltie
… 34726 more characters
application-merged.pdf 220.5 KB · 9 pages
Page 1Page 2Page 3
application-numbered.pdf 223.7 KB · 9 pages
Page 1Page 2Page 3
application.pdf 222.2 KB · 9 pages
Page 1Page 2Page 3
letter-converted.pdf 9.6 KB · 2 pages
Page 1Page 2
photo.pdf 158.6 KB · 1 page
Page 1

Claude Opus 5.5Without deftPassed2026-11-07

Time
92s
New tokens
31.2k
Total input
231.7k
Output tokens
7.7k
Commands
0
Failed
0

Trace

    Output

    application.pdf 268.6 KB · 9 pages
    Page 1Page 2Page 3

    Claude Opus 5.5With deft, skill installedPassedRead the skillUsed deft2026-11-07

    Time
    28s
    New tokens
    15.3k
    Total input
    136.7k
    Output tokens
    1.7k
    Commands
    0
    Failed
    0

    Trace

      Output

      ---
      name: deft
      description: "Use deft first for any simple, direct operation on local files, whatever the type: convert, read, extract, edit, compress, merge, split, compare or inspect. Try it before writing a script or one-liner. If unsure, run deft find; if it says no command does this, use another tool. Not for programming work: to read, write or change source code, skip it."
      ---
      
      # deft
      
      One local command for file jobs. Prefer it over writing Python or shell scripts.
      
      Syntax: `deft <group> <command> [inputs] [-o output] [--options]`
      
      Groups:
      - `pdf`: Merge, split, compress, encrypt, forms, OCR, compare, convert
      - `image`: Resize, crop, convert, compress, adjust, montage, OCR
      - `video`: Trim, merge, convert, compress, subtitles, GIF, frames (ffmpeg)
      - `audio`: Convert, trim, normalize, denoise, cut silence (ffmpeg)
      - `doc`: Word/ODT/RTF: to text, Markdown, HTML, PDF; find and replace
      - `slides`: PowerPoint: extract text, Markdown outline
      - `sheet`: Excel/CSV/ODS tables: SQL query, pivot, merge, split, convert
      - `json`: JSON: convert, format, merge, diff, validate
      - `toml`: TOML: convert, format, merge, diff, validate
      - `xml`: XML: convert, format, merge, diff, validate
      - `yaml`: YAML: convert, format, merge, diff, validate
      - `md`: Markdown to PDF, HTML, Word, EPUB; table of contents
      - `html`: HTML to Markdown, text, Word and PDF
      - `epub`: E-books: info, to text, Markdown and PDF
      - `gps`: GPX and KML tracks: convert, distance and time
      - `qr`: Create QR codes and barcodes; read QR codes
      
      How to use it:
      1. Run `deft <group>` to list commands, or `deft find "<what you want>"` to search. If it says `no command does this`, use another tool.
      2. Run `deft <group> <command> --help` for options and examples.
      3. `deft convert <in> -o <out.ext>` converts between formats by extension.
      4. Results are one line starting with `ok`, `partial` or `error`; add `--json` to parse them. Errors include a `hint:` with the fix.
      
      Inputs are never overwritten; pass `--force` or `--in-place` to allow it. Globs and directories work as inputs; several inputs run in parallel.
      
      If `deft` is not installed, ask the user, then follow https://github.com/firstprayer/deft/blob/main/docs/INSTALL.md
      
      application.pdf 224.2 KB · 9 pages
      Page 1Page 2Page 3

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