Put a caption on a photo

Add the text Sample in the bottom right corner of DSCN0010.jpg and save it as captioned.jpg.

The task

The reference answer shows the job can be done with deft. It is not an agent run.

deft image watermark DSCN0010.jpg --text Sample -o captioned.jpg

Input

DSCN0010.jpg 157.9 KB · 640x480

Reference output

captioned.jpg 157.6 KB · 640x480

How a result is judged (2 checks)

image: file = "captioned.jpg", width = 640
image_similar: file = "captioned.jpg", to = "DSCN0010.jpg", max_difference = 8

Runs

CodexWithout deftPassed2026-11-07

Time: 15s
New tokens: 6.5k
Total input: 67.4k
Output tokens: 0.5k
Commands: 4
Failed: 0

Trace

I’ll inspect the image dimensions, add “Sample” at the lower right with a small margin, and save the result as `captioned.jpg` in this directory.
rg --files -g 'DSCN0010.jpg' -g 'AGENTS.md'
output
```
DSCN0010.jpg
```
sips -g pixelWidth -g pixelHeight DSCN0010.jpg
output
```
DSCN0010.jpg
  pixelWidth: 640
  pixelHeight: 480
```
python3 -c 'from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont; print(\"Pillow available\")'
output
```
Pillow available
```
python3 -c 'from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont; im=Image.open(\"DSCN0010.jpg\").convert(\"RGB\"); d=ImageDraw.Draw(im); f=ImageFont.truetype(\"/System/Library/Fonts/Helvetica.ttc\", 24); t=\"Sample\"; b=d.textbbox((0,0),t,font=f,stroke_width=2); x=im.width-(b[2]-b[0])-14; y=im.height-(b[3]-b[1])-12; d.text((x,y),t,font=f,fill=\"white\",stroke_width=2,stroke_fill=\"black\"); im.save(\"captioned.jpg\",quality=95)'
Added “Sample” in the bottom right corner and saved the image as [captioned.jpg](captioned.jpg).

Output

captioned.jpg 211.6 KB · 640x480

CodexWith deft, skill installedPassedRead the skillUsed deft2026-11-07

Time: 20s
New tokens: 9.8k
Total input: 87.5k
Output tokens: 0.5k
Commands: 5
Failed: 1

Trace

I’ll inspect the image dimensions, add a small readable “Sample” caption at the bottom right, and save the result as `captioned.jpg` in this directory.

cat '.agents/skills/deft/SKILL.md' && rg --files -g 'DSCN0010.jpg' -g 'AGENTS.md'

output

---
name: deft
description: "Use deft instead of writing a script for file jobs: PDF merge/split/compress/watermark, image resize/convert/compress, video and audio trim/convert/compress, spreadsheets, Markdown to PDF/HTML, and YouTube downloads and subtitles."
---

# deft

One local command for file jobs. Prefer it over writing Python or shell scripts.

Syntax: `deft <group> <command> [inputs] [-o output] [--options]`

Groups:
- `pdf`: Merge, split, compress, encrypt, forms, OCR, compare, convert
- `image`: Resize, crop, convert, compress, filters, montage, OCR
- `video`: Trim, crop, speed, convert, compress, GIF, frames (ffmpeg)
- `audio`: Convert, trim, merge, fade, speed, tag, normalize (ffmpeg)
- `doc`: Word/ODT/RTF: to text, Markdown, HTML, PDF; find and replace
- `slides`: PowerPoint: extract text, Markdown outline, PDF handout
- `data`: JSON/YAML/TOML/XML: convert, query with jq syntax, merge, diff
- `sheet`: Excel/CSV/ODS tables: filter, sort, join, pivot, convert
- `md`: Markdown to PDF, HTML, Word, EPUB; table of contents
- `html`: HTML to Markdown, text, Word, PDF; screenshots
- `epub`: E-books: info, to text, Markdown and PDF
- `email`: EML files: headers, text, attachments
- `contact`: VCF address books: to and from CSV
- `calendar`: ICS calendars: to and from CSV
- `gps`: GPX and KML tracks: convert, distance and time
- `youtube`: Info, download, audio, subtitles, thumbnail (yt-dlp)
- `file`: Any file: hash, duplicates, batch rename, base64, encoding
- `qr`: Cre
… 741 more characters

deft image (exit -1)

output

Failed to create unified exec process: No such file or directory (os error 2)

pwd && deft image

output

deft image - commands (input -> output)
  info         image -> report      Format, dimensions, EXIF orientation, GPS
  adjust       image -> image       Change --brightness, --contrast, --saturation, --gamma
  blur         image -> image       Gaussian blur: --radius 5, or a --box region
  compress     image -> image       Smaller file: --quality, --target-size 200KB
  convert      image -> image       Change format: --to png|jpg|webp|avif|gif|tiff|bmp|ico
  crop         image -> image       Cut a region: --box x,y,w,h or --aspect 16:9
  diff         image... -> png      Compare two images; marks changed pixels in red
  favicon      image -> ico+png...  Website icon set: favicon.ico and PNG sizes
  flip         image -> image       Mirror: --direction horizontal|vertical
  frames       gif -> png...        Save each frame of an animated GIF as PNG
  grayscale    image -> image       Remove colour
  invert       image -> image       Negative: flip every colour
  meta         image -> image       Read EXIF, or set --title --author --copyright --date
  montage      image... -> image    Tile images into a grid: --cols 3 --size 300x300
  ocr          image -> txt         Read the text in an image (tesseract)
  pad          image -> image       Add a border or canvas: --border 20, --size 1080x1080
  resize       image -> image       Scale: --size 800x, 1920x1080, 50%
  rotate       image -> image       Turn clockwise by any angle (EXIF is applied first)
  sharpen      image -> ima
… 596 more characters

deft image info DSCN0010.jpg && deft image watermark --help

output

ok image.info DSCN0010.jpg  640x480
width=640 height=480 orientation=1 has_metadata=true has_gps=true
deft image watermark - Add text or a logo: --text, --image, --position

Usage: deft image watermark <image>... [-o <image|dir>] [options]
In: image (each handled separately)   Out: image (default <name>.watermarked.<ext>)
Any script works; text uses the fonts on this machine.

Options:
  --text <text>                Text to add
  --image <path>               Logo or picture to add
  --opacity <n>                Opacity in percent (default 70)
  --angle <number>             Rotation in degrees, counter-clockwise (default 0)
  --position <position>        Where on the image (default bottom-right)
  --color <color>              Text color (default white)
  --font-size <number>         Text size in pixels (default: 5% of the image height)
  --font <text>                Font family
  --scale <number>             Logo width as a fraction of the image width (default 0.2)
  --quality <n>                Quality for JPEG and AVIF (default 85)
Common: -o --force --dry-run --json -j   (deft help common)

Examples:
  deft image watermark photo-1.jpg --text Sample -o marked.jpg
  deft image watermark photo-2.jpg --text "© Acme" --position center -o centered.jpg
  deft image watermark photo-3.jpg --image logo.png --position top-left -o branded.jpg

Result fields: width, height
Errors: INPUT_UNSUPPORTED

deft image watermark DSCN0010.jpg --text Sample --position bottom-right --font-size 24 --color white --opacity 100 --quality 95 -o captioned.jpg
output
```
ok image.watermark DSCN0010.jpg -> captioned.jpg  640x480  0.06s
```
Added “Sample” to the bottom right of the image and saved it as [captioned.jpg](<tmp>).

Output

captioned.jpg 249.0 KB · 640x480

CodexWith deft, skill as AGENTS.mdPassed2026-11-05

Time: 12s
New tokens: 6.0k
Total input: 77.3k
Output tokens: 0.3k
Commands: 4
Failed: 0

Trace

I’ll check the image dimensions and `deft`’s text watermark options, then create `captioned.jpg` in the current directory.

deft image --help

output

deft image - commands (input -> output)
  info       image -> report  Format, dimensions, EXIF orientation, GPS
  compress   image -> image   Smaller file: --quality, --target-size 200KB
  convert    image -> image   Change format: --to png|jpg|webp|avif|gif|tiff|bmp|ico
  crop       image -> image   Cut a region: --box x,y,w,h or --aspect 16:9
  flip       image -> image   Mirror: --direction horizontal|vertical
  resize     image -> image   Scale: --size 800x, 1920x1080, 50%
  rotate     image -> image   Turn clockwise: --angle 90 (EXIF is applied first)
  strip      image -> image   Remove EXIF, GPS and text metadata
  to-pdf     image... -> pdf  One page per image, in the given order
  watermark  image -> image   Add text or a logo: --text, --image, --position
More: deft image <command> --help

deft image info DSCN0010.jpg

output

ok image.info DSCN0010.jpg  640x480
has_gps=true has_metadata=true height=480 orientation=1 width=640

deft image watermark --help

output

deft image watermark - Add text or a logo: --text, --image, --position

Usage: deft image watermark <image>... [-o <image|dir>] [options]
In: image (each handled separately)   Out: image (default <name>.watermarked.<ext>)
Any script works; text uses the fonts on this machine.

Options:
  --text <text>                Text to add
  --image <path>               Logo or picture to add
  --opacity <n>                Opacity in percent (default 70)
  --angle <number>             Rotation in degrees, counter-clockwise (default 0)
  --position <position>        Where on the image (default bottom-right)
  --color <color>              Text color (default white)
  --font-size <number>         Text size in pixels (default: 5% of the image height)
  --font <text>                Font family
  --scale <number>             Logo width as a fraction of the image width (default 0.2)
  --quality <n>                Quality for JPEG and AVIF (default 85)
Common: -o --force --dry-run --json -j   (deft help common)

Examples:
  deft image watermark photo-1.jpg --text Sample -o marked.jpg
  deft image watermark photo-2.jpg --text 版权所有 --position center -o zh.jpg
  deft image watermark photo-3.jpg --image logo.png --position top-left -o branded.jpg

Result fields: width, height
Errors: INPUT_UNSUPPORTED

deft image watermark DSCN0010.jpg --text Sample --position bottom-right -o captioned.jpg
output
```
ok image.watermark DSCN0010.jpg -> captioned.jpg  640x480  0.06s
```
Added “Sample” to the bottom right of the image and saved it as [captioned.jpg](captioned.jpg).

Output

Its files were not kept in this run. The last line of the trace is its own report.

Claude Opus 5.5Without deftPassed2026-11-07

Time: 15s
New tokens: 10.2k
Total input: 57.7k
Output tokens: 1.0k
Commands: 0
Failed: 0

Trace

Output

captioned.jpg 214.7 KB · 640x480

Claude Opus 5.5With deft, skill installedPassedRead the skillUsed deft2026-11-07

Time: 15s
New tokens: 11.0k
Total input: 91.5k
Output tokens: 0.6k
Commands: 0
Failed: 0

Trace

Output

.claude/skills/deft/SKILL.md 2.1 KB

---
name: deft
description: "Use deft first for any simple, direct operation on local files, whatever the type: convert, read, extract, edit, compress, merge, split, compare or inspect. Try it before writing a script or one-liner. If unsure, run deft find; if it says no command does this, use another tool. Not for programming work: to read, write or change source code, skip it."
---

# deft

One local command for file jobs. Prefer it over writing Python or shell scripts.

Syntax: `deft <group> <command> [inputs] [-o output] [--options]`

Groups:
- `pdf`: Merge, split, compress, encrypt, forms, OCR, compare, convert
- `image`: Resize, crop, convert, compress, adjust, montage, OCR
- `video`: Trim, merge, convert, compress, subtitles, GIF, frames (ffmpeg)
- `audio`: Convert, trim, normalize, denoise, cut silence (ffmpeg)
- `doc`: Word/ODT/RTF: to text, Markdown, HTML, PDF; find and replace
- `slides`: PowerPoint: extract text, Markdown outline
- `sheet`: Excel/CSV/ODS tables: SQL query, pivot, merge, split, convert
- `json`: JSON: convert, format, merge, diff, validate
- `toml`: TOML: convert, format, merge, diff, validate
- `xml`: XML: convert, format, merge, diff, validate
- `yaml`: YAML: convert, format, merge, diff, validate
- `md`: Markdown to PDF, HTML, Word, EPUB; table of contents
- `html`: HTML to Markdown, text, Word and PDF
- `epub`: E-books: info, to text, Markdown and PDF
- `gps`: GPX and KML tracks: convert, distance and time
- `qr`: Create QR codes and barcodes; read QR codes

How to use it:
1. Run `deft <group>` to list commands, or `deft find "<what you want>"` to search. If it says `no command does this`, use another tool.
2. Run `deft <group> <command> --help` for options and examples.
3. `deft convert <in> -o <out.ext>` converts between formats by extension.
4. Results are one line starting with `ok`, `partial` or `error`; add `--json` to parse them. Errors include a `hint:` with the fix.

Inputs are never overwritten; pass `--force` or `--in-place` to allow it. Globs and directories work as inputs; several inputs run in parallel.

If `deft` is not installed, ask the user, then follow https://github.com/firstprayer/deft/blob/main/docs/INSTALL.md

captioned.jpg 157.6 KB · 640x480

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